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Table of Contents » Title 14 Zoning and Land Use Control » Chapter 2 Zoning And Land Use Ordinance » § 14-218 Parking.
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Title 14, Chapter 1
14-101
§ 14-101
Maryville
Title 14 : Zoning and Land Use Control
Chapter 2 : Zoning And Land Use Ordinance

14-218 : Parking.

  1. Definitions. Unless otherwise specifically provided or unless clearly required by the context, the words and phrases defined below shall have the meaning indicated when used in this section.
    1. "Circulation area." The portion of the vehicle movement area used for access to parking or loading areas or other facilities on the lot. Essentially, driveways and other maneuvering areas (other than parking aisles) comprise the circulation area.
    2. "Driveway." The portion of the vehicle movement area that consists of a travel lane bounded on either side by an area that is not part of the vehicle movement area.
    3. "Gross floor area." The total area of a building measured by taking the outside dimensions of the building at each floor level intended for occupancy or storage.
    4. "Loading and unloading area." The portion of the vehicle movement area used to satisfy the requirements of subsection (11) below.
    5. "Long-term parking." The continuous use of parking space in a designated parking area for five (5) days or longer within the city's Industrial Zoning District. "Long-term parking" is not associated with off-street parking requirements for industrial uses, businesses, or commercial operations within the industrial zoning district, but rather for specific parking and storage areas for motorized vehicles, motor homes, boats, trailers, etc. where owners of the referenced vehicles pay rental fees for the ability to store and park said vehicles.
    6. "Parking area aisles." The portion of the vehicle movement area consisting of lanes providing access to parking spaces.
    7. "Parking space." A portion of the vehicle movement area set aside for the parking of one (1) vehicle.
    8. "Pug mix." A mixture of various sizes of crushed stone aggregate material commonly used as a base layer for paving. Other material such as water or cement may be added to the various mixture of aggregate to enhance compaction of the finished product.
    9. "Vehicle movement area." The portion of a lot that is used by vehicles for access, circulation, parking, and loading and unloading. It comprises the total of circulation areas, loading and unloading areas, and parking areas (spaces and aisles).

  2. Number of parking spaces required.

    1. All developments in all zoning districts shall provide a sufficient number of parking spaces to accommodate the number of vehicles that ordinarily are likely to be attracted to the development in question. The parking requirements for uses may be provided by individual action for a use, by joint action for all the uses of a lot, by joint project of adjacent lots for all the uses of those lots, by joint action for some or all the uses of an Impact Overlay District, or by public parking program carried out by special assessment district or otherwise.
    2. The presumptions established by this section are that:
      1. A development must comply with the parking standards set forth in subsection (e) below to satisfy the requirement stated in subsection (a) above; and
      2. Any development that does meet these standards is in compliance. However, the table of parking requirements is only intended to establish a presumption and should be flexibly administered, as provided in subsection (3) below.
    3. Uses in the table of parking requirements (subsection (e) below), are based on the table of permissible uses (following pages). When determination of the number of parking spaces required by this table results in a requirement of a fractional space, any fraction of one-half (1/2) or less may be disregarded, while a fraction in excess of one-half (1/2) shall be counted as one (1) parking space.
    4. The council recognizes that the table of parking requirements set forth in subsection (e) below cannot, and does not, cover every possible situation that may arise. Therefore, in cases not specifically covered, the permit-issuing authority is authorized to determine the parking requirement using this table as a guide.
    5. Satellite parking facilities in residential zones shall be subject to the special exception process but shall also consider the following criteria:
      1. That satellite parking shall be located so that it will adequately serve the intended uses;
      2. Ease of pedestrian access;
      3. Satellite parking shall serve a unique facility in the residential zone; and
      4. Off-site parking lots in residential zones shall be owned by the facility served.

    Table of Parking Requirements

    USE PARKING REQUIREMENT
    Single-family detached, one dwelling unit per lot Two spaces per dwelling unit plus one space per room rented out
    Single-family detached, more than one dwelling per unit Two spaces for each dwelling unit, except that one-bedroom units require only one space
    Multi-family residences With respect to multi-family units located in buildings where each dwelling unit has an entrance and a living space on the ground floor, the requirement shall be one and one half spaces for each one-bedroom unit and two spaces for each unit with two or more bedrooms
    Residences for elderly and/or handicapped Multi-family units limited to persons of low- or moderate- income or the elderly require only one space per unit. All other multi-family units require one space for each bedroom in each unit plus one additional space for every four units in the development
    Homes emphasizing special services, treatment or supervision Three spaces for every five beds except for uses exclusively serving children under sixteen, in which case one space for every three beds shall be required.
    Tourist homes and hotels or motels One space for each room to be rented plus additional space (in accordance with other sections of this table) for restaurant or other facilities
    Home occupations Four spaces for offices of physicians or dentists; two spaces for attorneys, one space for all others
    Sales or rentals of goods, merchandise, or equipment-miscellaneous (not storage or display of goods outside fully enclosed building) One space per two hundred feet (200') of gross floor area
    Convenience stores One space per two hundred feet (200') of gross floor area
    Wholesale sales One space per four hundred (400) square feet of gross floor area
    Retail and wholesale sales (outside storage, display of goods) One space per two hundred (200) square feet of gross floor area
    Wholesale sales and retail with low-volume traffic generation One space per four hundred (400) square feet of gross floor area
    Retail and wholesale sales (outside storage, display of goods) One space per two hundred (200) square foot of gross floor area
    Wholesale sales and retail with low-volume traffic generation One space per four hundred (400) square feet of gross floor area
    Office, clerical, research, service uses:
    -primarily on-premises services (attorneys, physicians and other professions)
    -services with little or no customer or client traffic; primarily employee traffic
    -medical, dental clinics with less than ten thousand (10,000) square feet of gross floor area    		 One space per two hundred (200) square feet of gross floor area
    One space per four hundred (400) square feet of gross floor area
    One space per one hundred fifty (150) square feet of gross floor area
    Banks with drive-in service One space per two hundred (200) square feet of area within main building plus reservoirs and capacity equal to five (5) spaces per window (ten (10) spaces if window serves two stations)
    Enclosed manufacturing, processing, assembling, repairing; mainly walk-in trade One space per four hundred (400) square feet of gross floor area
    Enclosed manufacturing, processing, repairing, assembling with little or no walk-in trade One space for every two employees on the maximum shift except that, if permissible in the commercial districts, such uses may provide one space per two hundred (200) square feet of gross floor area
    Schools 1.75 spaces per classroom in elementary schools, five spaces per classroom in high schools
    Trade or vocational schools One space per one hundred (100) square feet of gross floor area
    Colleges, universities One space per one hundred fifty (150) square feet of gross floor area
    Churches, synagogues, temples One space for every four seats in the portion of the church building to be used for services plus spaces for any residential use as determined in accordance with the parking requirements set forth above for residential uses, plus one space for every two hundred (200) square feet of gross floor area designed to be used neither for services nor residential purposes
    Libraries, art galleries, museums, social and fraternal clubs One space per three hundred (300) square feet of gross floor area
    Indoor recreational facilities One space for every three persons that the facilities are designed to accommodate when fully utilized (if they can be measured in such a fashion; example: tennis courts or bowling alleys) plus one space per two hundred (200) square feet of gross floor area used in a manner not susceptible to such calculation
    Movie theaters, stadiums, coliseums One space per every four seats
    Outdoor recreational facilities, public and private One space per two hundred (200) square feet of area within enclosed buildings, plus one space for every three persons that the outdoor facilities are designed to accommodate when used to the maximum capacity
    Golf driving ranges and similar recreational uses Miniature golf course, skateboard park, water slide, and similar uses - one space per three hundred (300) square feet of area plus one space per two hundred (200) square feet of building gross floor area; driving range - one space per tee plus one space per two hundred (200) square feet in building gross floor area; par three course - two spaces per golf hole plus one space per two hundred (200) square feet of building gross floor area
    Stables One space per horse that could be kept at the stable when occupied to maximum capacity
    Hospitals, clinics, medical treatment facilities Two spaces per bed or one space for one hundred fifty (150) square feet of gross floor area, which ever is greater
    Institutions for nursing care, intermediate care, handicapped or infirm care, child care Three spaces for every five beds. Multi-family units developed or sponsored by public or non-profit agency for limited income families or the elderly require only one space per unit
    Institutions for mentally ill and correctional facilities One space for every two employees on maximum shift
    Restaurants, entertainment (no substantial carry-out or delivery; no drive-in service) One space per one hundred (100) square feet of gross floor area
    Restaurants, entertainment with carry-out or delivery and/or outside service, consumption One space per one hundred (100) square feet of gross floor area plus one space for every four outside seats
    Restaurants, entertainment with carry-out or delivery and/or outside service, consumption and drive-in service Restaurants, entertainment with carry out or delivery and/or outside service, consumption and drive-in service
    Motor vehicle-related sales and service One space per two hundred (200) square feet of gross floor area
    Gas sales One space per two hundred (200) square feet of gross floor area of building devoted primarily to gas sales operation, plus sufficient parking area to accommodate vehicles at pumps without interfering with other parking spaces
    Car wash Conveyor type - one space for every three employees on the maximum shift plus reservoir capacity equal to five times the capacity of the washing operations. Self service type - two spaces for drying and cleaning purposes per stall plus two reservoir spaces in front of each stall
    Goods storage (no sales on premises) One space for every two employees on the maximum shift but not less than one space per five thousand (5,000) square feet of area devoted to storage (whether inside or outside)
    Scrap materials salvage yards, junk yards One space per two hundred feet (200') of gross floor area
    Veterinarian, kennels One space per two hundred (200) square feet of floor area
    Emergency services One space per two hundred (200) square feet of gross floor area
    Agricultural, silvicultural, mining, quarrying operations One space for every two employees on maximum shift
    Post office One space per two hundred (200) square feet of gross floor area
    Sanitary landfill One space for every two employees on maximum shift
    Military reserve, national guard centers One space per one hundred (100) square feet of gross floor area
    Dry cleaner, laundromat One space per two hundred (200) square feet of gross floor area
    Open air markets and horticultural sales One space per one thousand (1,000) square feet of lot area used for storage, display, or sales
    Funeral home One space per one hundred (100) square feet of gross floor area
    Nursery school; day care centers One space per employee plus one space per two hundred (200) square feet of gross floor area
    Bus station One space per two hundred (200) square feet of gross floor area
    Commercial greenhouse One space per two hundred (200) square feet of gross floor area
  3. Flexibility in administration required.
    1. The council recognizes that, due to the particularities of any given development, the inflexible application of the parking standards set forth in subsection (2)(e) above may result in a development either with inadequate parking space or parking space far in excess of its needs. The former situation may lead to traffic congestion or parking violations in adjacent streets as well as unauthorized parking in nearby private lots. The latter situation wastes money as well as space that could more desirably be used for valuable development or environmentally useful open space. Therefore, as suggested in subsection (2) above, the permit-issuing authority may permit deviations from the presumptive requirements of subsection (2)(e) above and may require more parking or allow less parking whenever it finds that such deviations are more likely to satisfy the standard set forth in subsection (2)(a) above.
    2. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the permit-issuing authority may allow deviations from the parking requirements set forth in subsection (2)(e) above when it finds that:
      1. A residential development is irrevocably oriented toward the elderly; or
      2. A business is primarily oriented to walk-in trade.
    3. Whenever the permit-issuing authority allows or requires a deviation from the presumptive parking requirements set forth in subsection (2)(e) above, it shall enter on the face of the permit the parking requirement that it imposes and the reasons for allowing or requiring the deviation.
    4. If the permit-issuing authority concludes, based upon information it receives in the consideration of a specific development proposal, that the presumption established by subsection (2)(e) for a particular use classification is erroneous, it shall initiate a request for an amendment to the table of parking requirements in accordance with the procedures set forth in § 14-218.
  4. Parking space dimensions.
    1. Subject to subsections (b) and (c) below, each parking space shall contain a rectangular area at least nineteen feet (19') long and nine feet (9') wide. Lines demarcating parking spaces may be drawn at various angles in relation to curbs or aisles, so long as the parking spaces created contain within them the rectangular area required by this section.
    2. In the parking areas containing ten (10) or more parking spaces, up to fifteen percent (15%) of the parking spaces need to contain a rectangular area of only seven and one-half feet (7-1/2') in width by fifteen feet (15') in length. If such spaces are provided, they shall be conspicuously designated as reserved for small or compact cars only.
    3. Whenever parking areas consist of spaces set aside for parallel parking, the dimensions of such parking spaces shall be not less than twenty-two feet by nine feet (22' x 9').
  5. Required widths of parking area aisles and driveways.

    1. Parking area aisle widths shall conform to the following table which varies the width requirement according to the angle of parking.

      PARKING ANGLE

    2. Driveways shall be not less than ten feet (10') in width for one-way traffic and eighteen feet (18') in width for two-way traffic, except that ten feet (10') wide driveways are permissible for two-way traffic when:
      1. The driveway is not longer than fifty feet (50');
      2. It provides access to not more than six (6) spaces; and
      3. Sufficient turning space is provided so that the vehicles need not back into a public street.
  6. General design requirements.
    1. Unless no other practicable alternative is available, vehicle movement areas shall be designed so that, without resorting to extraordinary movements, vehicles may exit such areas without backing onto a public street. This requirement does not apply to parking areas consisting of driveways that serve one (1) or two (2) dwelling units, although backing onto arterial streets is discouraged.
    2. Vehicle movement areas of all developments shall be designed so that sanitation, emergency, and other public service vehicles can serve such developments without the necessity of backing unreasonable distances or making other dangerous or hazardous turning movements. Every vehicle movement area shall be designed so that vehicles cannot extend beyond the perimeter of such area onto adjacent properties or public rights-of-way. Such areas shall also be designed so that vehicles do not extend over sidewalks or tend to bump against or damage any wall, vegetation, or other obstruction.
    3. Circulation areas shall be designed so that vehicles can proceed safely without posing a danger to pedestrians or other vehicles and without interfering with parking areas.
    4. Parking requirements for the Office District shall be in accordance with all other sections of this section and the site plan review process and when possible vehicle movement areas and parking spaces shall be located to the rear of the structures.
    5. Parking requirements for the Neighborhood District shall be in accordance with all other subsections of this section and the site plan review process.
  7. Vehicle movement area surfaces.

    1. Vehicle movement areas that:

      1. Include lanes for drive-in windows; or
      2. Contain parking areas that are required to have more than five (5) parking spaces and that are used regularly at least five (5) days per week shall be graded and surfaced with asphalt, concrete or other material that will provide equivalent protection against potholes, erosion, and dust. Specifications for surfaces meeting the standards set forth in this subsection shall be in accordance with those requirements outlined by the city director of engineering and public works.

      Long-term parking spaces and areas within the industrial zoning district may use pug mix for the permanent surface. A mixture such as TDOT specifications 303.01 "Mineral Aggregate Grading D" is acceptable for the graded surface material. The graduation of stone sizes is listed in table 903.05 of the TDOT Standard Specification for Road and Bridge Construction (2006). This specification of graduation of stone listed in table 903.05 of the TDOT construction manual may also be used under or within permanent shelters, garages, storage buildings, or three (3) sided structures. Specifications for the surface material set forth in this subsection shall be submitted to the city director of engineering and public works for review. The access and circulation aisles serving the long-term parking spaces shall meet the standard paving requirements of this section. Access and circulation aisles shall be constructed of asphalt, concrete, or other such materials to protect against potholes, erosion and dust.

    2. Vehicle movement areas that are not provided with the type of surface specified in subsection (a) above shall be graded and surfaced with crushed stone, gravel or other suitable material as set forth by the city director of engineering and public works to provide a surface that is stable and will help to reduce dust and erosion. The perimeter of such parking areas shall be defined by bricks, stones, railroad ties, or other similar material. In addition, whenever such a vehicle movement area abuts a paved street, the driveway leading from such street to such area (or, if there is no driveway, the portion of the vehicle movement area that opens onto such street), shall be paved as provided in subsection (a) above for a distance of fifteen feet (15') back from the edge of the paved street. This subsection shall not apply to single-family or two (2) family residences or other uses that are required to have only one (1) or two (2) parking spaces.
    3. Parking spaces in areas surfaced in accordance with subsection (a) above shall be appropriately demarcated with painted lines or other markings. Parking spaces in areas surfaced in accordance with subsection (b) above shall be demarcated whenever practicable.
    4. Vehicle movement areas shall be properly maintained in all respects. In particular, and without limiting the foregoing, vehicle movement area surfaces shall be kept in good condition (free from potholes, etc.) and parking space lines or markings shall be kept clearly visible and distinct.
  8. Joint use of required parking spaces.
    1. One (1) parking area may contain required spaces for several different uses, but except as otherwise provided in this section, the required space assigned to one (1) use may not be credited to any other use.
    2. To the extent that developments that wish to make joint use of the same parking spaces operate at different times, the same spaces may be credited to both uses. For example, if a parking lot is used in connection with an office building on Monday through Friday but is generally ninety percent (90%) vacant on weekends, another development that operates only on weekends could be credited with ninety percent (90%) of the spaces on that lot. Or, if a church parking lot is generally occupied only to fifty percent (50%) of capacity on days of primary use, another development could make use of fifty percent (50%) of the church lot's spaces on those other days.
    3. If the joint use of the same parking spaces by two (2) or more principal uses involves satellite parking spaces, then the provisions of subsection (9) below are also applicable.
  9. Satellite parking.
    1. If the number of off-street parking spaces required by this section cannot reasonably be provided on the same lot where the principal use associated with these parking spaces is located, then spaces may be provided on adjacent or nearby lots in accordance with the provisions of this section. These off-site spaces are referred to in this section as satellite parking spaces.
    2. All such satellite parking spaces (except spaces intended for employee use) must be located within four-hundred feet (400') of the lot on which the use associated with such parking is located if the use is not housed within any principal building. Satellite parking spaces intended for employee use may be located within any reasonable distance.
    3. The developer wishing to take advantage of the provisions of this section must present satisfactory written evidence that he has the permission of the owner or other person in charge of the satellite parking spaces to use such spaces. The developer must also sign an acknowledgment that the continuing validity of his permit depends upon his continuing ability to provide the requisite number of parking spaces.
    4. Persons who obtain satellite parking spaces in accordance with this section shall be held accountable for ensuring that the satellite parking areas from which they obtain their spaces satisfy the design requirements of this subsection.
    5. Satellite parking facilities in residential zones shall be subject to the special exception process but shall also consider the following criteria:
      1. That satellite parking shall be located so that it will adequately serve the intended uses;
      2. Ease of pedestrian access; and
      3. Satellite parking shall serve a unique facility in the residential zone and off-site parking lots in residential zones shall be owned by the facility served.
  10. Special provisions for lots with existing buildings. Notwithstanding any other provisions of this section, whenever:
    1. There exists a lot with one (1) or more structures on it constructed before the effective date of this section;
    2. A changing use that does involve any enlargement of a structure is proposed for such lot; and
    3. The parking requirements of subsection (b) above that would be applicable as a result of the proposed change cannot be satisfied on such lot because there is not sufficient area available on the lot that can practicably be used for parking, then the developer need only comply with the requirements of subsection (b) to the extent that:
      1. Parking space is practicably available on the lot where the development is located; and
      2. Satellite parking spaces are reasonably available as provided in subsection (9) above. However, if satellite parking subsequently becomes reasonably available, then it shall be a continuing condition of the permit authorizing development on such lot that the developer obtains satellite parking when it does become available.
  11. Loading and unloading areas.
    1. Subject of subsection (e) below, whenever the normal operation of any development requires that goods, merchandise, or equipment be routinely delivered to or shipped from that development, a sufficient off-street loading and unloading area must be provided in accordance with this section to accommodate the delivery or shipment operations in a safe and convenient manner.

    2. The loading and unloading area must be of sufficient size to accommodate the numbers and types of vehicles that are likely to use this area, given the nature of the development in question. The following table indicates the number and size of spaces that, presumptively, satisfy the standards set forth in this subsection. However, the permit-issuing authority may require more or less loading and unloading area if reasonably necessary to satisfy the foregoing standard.
       

      NOTE: Plus one (1) space for each additional seventy-two thousand (72,000) square feet or fraction thereof.
      *Minimum dimensions of twelve feet by fifty-five feet (12' x 55') and overhead clearance of fourteen feet (14') from street grade required.

    3. Loading and unloading areas shall be so located and designed that the vehicles intended to use them can:
      1. Maneuver safely and conveniently to and from a public right-of-way; and
      2. Complete the loading and unloading operations without obstructing or interfering with public right-of-way or any parking space or parking lot aisle.
    4. No area allocated to loading and unloading facilities may be used to satisfy the area requirements for off-street parking, nor shall any portion of any off-street parking area be used to satisfy the area requirements for loading and unloading facilities.
    5. Whenever:
      1. There exists a lot with one (1) or more structures on it constructed before the effective date of this section;
      2. A changing use that does not involve any enlargement of a structure is proposed for such lot; and
      3. The loading area requirements of this section cannot be satisfied because there is not sufficient area available on the lot that can practicably be used for loading and unloading, then the developer need only comply with this section to the extent reasonably possible. (1999 Code, § 14-219)